Incident Overview

Date: Thursday 10 March 1949
Aircraft Type: Lockheed 18-56 Lodestar
Owner/operator: Queensland Airlines
Registration Number: VH-BAG
Location: Coolangatta Airport, QLD (OOL) – ÿ Australia
Phase of Flight: Take off
Status: Destroyed, written off
Casualties: Fatalities: 21 / Occupants: 21
Component Affected: Aircraft Load Chart, specifically the undercarriage retraction and its impact on the center of gravity.Aircraft Load Chart, specifically the undercarriage retraction and its impact on the center of gravity.
Category: Accident
A Lodestar aircraft experienced a catastrophic accident during takeoff, rapidly accelerating and then losing altitude due to a misaligned center of gravity. The aircraft then descended sharply, crashed into a swamp, and subsequently burned. Analysis revealed errors in the load chart, leading to a miscalculation of the center of gravity, resulting in a significant shift in the aircraft’s balance.A Lodestar aircraft experienced a catastrophic accident during takeoff, rapidly accelerating and then losing altitude due to a misaligned center of gravity. The aircraft then descended sharply, crashed into a swamp, and subsequently burned. Analysis revealed errors in the load chart, leading to a miscalculation of the center of gravity, resulting in a significant shift in the aircraft’s balance.

Description

The Lodestar became airborne half way along the runway and continued to fly close to the ground as it accelerated. As the undercarriage retracted, it began to a steep climb. The climb continued to steepen and at about 250 feet, the starboard wing dropped and VH-BAG lost height. The wing was picked up, then the port wing dropped and the aircraft entered a curving descent to the left. Gradually gaining a more level attitude, it finally dropped heavily into a swamp between the airstrip and the beach, crashed and burned. It appeared that the centre of gravity was too far aft. The aircraft’s load chart, issued with its Certificate of Airworthiness, contained a number of errors. In addition, the passenger seats were 25 mm further apart than indicated on the chart, resulting in a rearward movement of the centre of gravity with all seats occupied. Furthermore, the load chart provided only for the aircraft’s “undercarriage down” condition. Yet retracting the undercarriage moved the centre of gravity rearwards. Final calculations indicated the centre of gravity at takeoff would have been between 41.8 per cent and 42.4 per cent MAC, moving to 43.4 – 43.9 per cent MAC following gear retraction. The CofG was supposed to be between 28.5 and 39 per cent.

Primary Cause

Misalignment of the center of gravity during takeoff, caused by a flawed load chart.Misalignment of the center of gravity during takeoff, caused by a flawed load chart.

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