Incident Overview

Date: Friday 15 December 1989
Aircraft Type: Boeing 747-406M
Owner/operator: KLM Royal Dutch Airlines
Registration Number: PH-BFC
Location: near Anchorage, AK – ÿ United States of America
Phase of Flight: En route
Status: Substantial, repaired
Casualties: Fatalities: 0 / Occupants: 245
Component Affected: All enginesAll engines
Investigating Agency: NTSBNTSB
Category: Accident
An aircraft encountered a volcanic ash cloud at FL250, resulting in engine failure and subsequent damage. The aircraft successfully ascended through the cloud and landed safely in Anchorage.An aircraft encountered a volcanic ash cloud at FL250, resulting in engine failure and subsequent damage. The aircraft successfully ascended through the cloud and landed safely in Anchorage.

Description

At FL250 the aircraft flew into a normal looking cloud, which turned out to be a volcanic ash cloud (the result of an eruption of Mount Redoubt). Power was added to climb out of the cloud. About 10-15 seconds later all 4 engines failed and the standby electrical system failed. The crew were able to restart the engines after numerous attempts. The no. 1 and 2 engines were relit while descending through FL130 and the remaining 2 engines were relit at FL110. The aircraft landed safely at Anchorage, substantially damaged by the in-flight blasting by volcanic ash. The windshields were damaged, as were internal aircraft systems, avionics and electronics. PROBABLE CAUSE: “Inadvertent encounter with volcanic ash cloud, which resulted in damage from foreign material (foreign object) and subsequent compressor stalling of all engines. A factor related to the accident was: the lack of available information about the ash cloud to all personnel involved.”

Primary Cause

Inadvertent encounter with volcanic ash cloud, resulting in damage from foreign material (foreign object) and compressor stalling of all engines.Inadvertent encounter with volcanic ash cloud, resulting in damage from foreign material (foreign object) and compressor stalling of all engines.

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