Incident Overview

Date: Tuesday 25 July 2000
Aircraft Type: A‚rospatiale / BAC Concorde 101
Owner/operator: Air France
Registration Number: F-BTSC
Location: Gonesse – ÿ France
Phase of Flight: Initial climb
Status: Destroyed, written off
Casualties: Fatalities: 109 / Occupants: 109
Component Affected: Landing GearLanding Gear
Investigating Agency: BEABEA
Category: Accident
On August 16, 2023, a Concorde flight AF4590 crashed shortly after takeoff from Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport, France, resulting in the deaths of all 109 occupants and four ground personnel. The aircraft was carrying 100 passengers and was scheduled to fly to New York-JFK. The flight was delayed by approximately one hour due to a crew request for a replacement of the thrust reversor motor on the second engine. The rear bogie truck of the left main undercarriage was replaced. At 14:42:17, the crew initiated takeoff, and at 14:42:31, the captain commanded takeoff. At 14:42:54.6, the co-pilot initiated a hundred-knot climb, followed by a V1 maneuver. A Continental Airlines DC-10-30, registered N13067, struck the rear of the Concorde’s left main landing gear, causing significant damage. The impact created a large rubber debris field, leading to tire damage and a potential rupture of tank 5. A severe fire erupted under the wing and around the engine nozzles, resulting in loss of thrust on engine 2 and 1. The flight engineer announced the failure of engine 2, and the captain initiated the engine fire procedure. The co-pilot alerted the flight engineer, and the engine fire alarm was sounded. The captain called for landing gear retraction. The controller confirmed flames behind the aircraft. The co-pilot reported airspeed of 200 kt. At 14:43:30, the captain called for landing gear retraction, and the controller confirmed the presence of flames. Nine seconds later, the engine fire alarm sounded again, repeated three times at approximately 14:43:58. The co-pilot reported airspeed was not retracted, and multiple callouts were made regarding the airspeed. The GPWS alarm was sounded, and the co-pilot informed ATC of engine loss. The aircraft entered a left turn, lost control, and crashed into Hotelism. The aircraft burst into flames.On August 16, 2023, a Concorde flight AF4590 crashed shortly after takeoff from Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport, France, resulting in the deaths of all 109 occupants and four ground personnel. The aircraft was carrying 100 passengers and was scheduled to fly to New York-JFK. The flight was delayed by approximately one hour due to a crew request for a replacement of the thrust reversor motor on the second engine. The rear bogie truck of the left main undercarriage was replaced. At 14:42:17, the crew initiated takeoff, and at 14:42:31, the captain commanded takeoff. At 14:42:54.6, the co-pilot initiated a hundred-knot climb, followed by a V1 maneuver. A Continental Airlines DC-10-30, registered N13067, struck the rear of the Concorde’s left main landing gear, causing significant damage. The impact created a large rubber debris field, leading to tire damage and a potential rupture of tank 5. A severe fire erupted under the wing and around the engine nozzles, resulting in loss of thrust on engine 2 and 1. The flight engineer announced the failure of engine 2, and the captain initiated the engine fire procedure. The co-pilot alerted the flight engineer, and the engine fire alarm was sounded. The captain called for landing gear retraction. The controller confirmed flames behind the aircraft. The co-pilot reported airspeed of 200 kt. At 14:43:30, the captain called for landing gear retraction, and the controller confirmed the presence of flames. Nine seconds later, the engine fire alarm sounded again, repeated three times at approximately 14:43:58. The co-pilot reported airspeed was not retracted, and multiple callouts were made regarding the airspeed. The GPWS alarm was sounded, and the co-pilot informed ATC of engine loss. The aircraft entered a left turn, lost control, and crashed into Hotelism. The aircraft burst into flames.

Description

Air France flight AF4590, a Concorde jet, crashed immediately after takeoff from Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport, France, killing all 109 occupants and 4 persons on the ground. The Air France Concorde, registered F-BTSC, was to depart Paris-Charles de Gaulle for a flight (4590) to New York-JFK. Departure was delayed by about one hour because the crew had requested a replacement of the thrust reverser pneumatic motor of the no. 2 engine. Also, the rear bogie truck of the left hand main undercarriage was replaced. When all 100 passengers had boarded, the plane taxied to runway 26R (4217 m long). Takeoff weight was calculated to be 186,9 tons, including 95 tons of fuel, which was one tone over the maximum takeoff weight. At 14:42:17 the crew were cleared for takeoff. At 14:42:31, the captain commenced takeoff. At 14:42:54.6, the co-pilot called one hundred knots, then V1 nine seconds later. A few seconds after that, tyre No 2 (right front) on the left main landing gear was destroyed after having run over a strip of metal lost by a Continental Airlines DC-10-30, registered N13067 which departed Paris as flight 055 to Newark five minutes before. The destruction of the tyre in all probability resulted in large pieces of rubber being thrown against the underside of the left wing and the rupture of a part of tank 5. A severe fire broke out under the left wing and around the same time engines 1 and 2 suffered a loss of thrust, severe for engine 2, slight for engine 1. By 14:43:13, as the captain commenced the rotation, the controller informed the crew the presence of flames behind the aircraft. The co-pilot acknowledged this transmission and the flight engineer announced the failure of engine no. 2. Nine seconds later the engine fire alarm sounded and the flight engineer announced “shut down engine 2” then the captain called for the “engine fire” procedure. A few seconds later, the engine 2 fire handle was pulled and the fire alarm stopped. The co-pilot drew the captain’s attention to the airspeed, which was 200 kt. At 14:43:30, the captain called for landing gear retraction. The controller confirmed the presence of large flames behind the aircraft. Twelve seconds later the engine fire alarm sounded again for around 12 seconds. It sounded for the third time at about 14:43:58 and continued until the end of the flight. At 14:43:56, the co-pilot commented that the landing gear had not retracted and made several callouts in relation to the airspeed. Three seconds later, the GPWS alarm sounded several times. The co-pilot informed ATC that they were trying for Le Bourget aerodrome. Then the number 1 engine lost power as well. The aircraft entered a left turn until control was lost, crashing into hotel ‘Hotellisimo’ and bursting into flames. PROBABLE CAUSE: – High-speed passage of a tyre over a part lost by an aircraft that had taken off five minutes earlier and the destruction of the tyre. – The ripping out of a large piece of tank in a complex process of transmission of the energy produced by the impact of a piece of tyre at another point on the tank, this transmission associating deformation of the tank skin and the movement of the fuel, with perhaps the contributory effect of other more minor shocks and /or a hydrodynamic pressure surge. – Ignition of the leaking fuel by an electric arc in the landing gear bay or through contact with the hot parts of the engine with forward propagation of the flame causing a very large fire under the aircraft’s wing and severe loss of thrust on engine 2 then engine 1. In addition, the impossibility of retracting the landing gear probably contributed to the retention and stabilisation of the flame throughout the flight.

Source of Information

http://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/CONC,_vicinity_Paris_Charles_de_Gaulle_France,_2000http://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/CONC,_vicinity_Paris_Charles_de_Gaulle_France,_2000

Primary Cause

High-speed passage of a tyre over a part lost by an aircraft that had taken off five minutes earlier, coupled with the ripping out of a large piece of tank skin, resulting in a complex energy transfer process. The deformation of the tank skin, combined with the fuel’s movement, led to a significant fire under the wing and loss of thrust on engine 2 and 1. The possibility of retraction of the landing gear contributed to the sustained flame.High-speed passage of a tyre over a part lost by an aircraft that had taken off five minutes earlier, coupled with the ripping out of a large piece of tank skin, resulting in a complex energy transfer process. The deformation of the tank skin, combined with the fuel’s movement, led to a significant fire under the wing and loss of thrust on engine 2 and 1. The possibility of retraction of the landing gear contributed to the sustained flame.

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