Incident Overview

Date: Monday 17 February 2014
Aircraft Type: Boeing 737-8K2 (WL)
Owner/operator: Jet2
Registration Number: G-GDFC
Location: Funchal Airport, Madeira (FNC) – ÿ Portugal
Phase of Flight: Landing
Status: Substantial, repaired
Casualties: Fatalities: 0 / Occupants: 182
Component Affected: Aircraft fuselage, tail, and rear fuselage.Aircraft fuselage, tail, and rear fuselage.
Investigating Agency: GPIAAGPIAA
Category: Accident
On October 26, 2023, a serious aviation incident occurred involving a Jet2 flight 389 from Leeds/Bradford (LBA) to Funchal (FNC), Madeira. The flight was operated by Pilot Flying (PF). The flight began without significant complications, with an uneventful en route phase and a descent towards Funchal. At Funchal, visibility was good, with a strong surface wind of 330ø at 14 kts gusting to 24 kts. Temperature was 15øC. The Commander reported that the visual approach to runway 05 was initially normal, but deteriorated significantly after the first contact with the runway. The aircraft then experienced a rapid loss of lift due to a ‘wind shear’ effect, leading to a high sink rate. The PF initiated a controlled descent but the aircraft subsequently landed heavily, bouncing to a height of approximately 8 feet and continuing for about 300 meters. During the second contact with the runway, the tail struck the surface at a speed of approximately 140 kts. The PF successfully controlled the aircraft within the runway confines. Following the landing, inspection revealed significant deformation of the fuselage outer surface and skid marks on the rear fuselage. Furthermore, a deformed drain tube, bent struts, and five cracks on two fuselage frames were identified, indicating structural damage from the vertical loads during the impact. The incident was attributed to excessive nose-up input after the initial contact with the runway, resulting in a sharp nose-up attitude and a loss of lift, leading to the tail strike. Contributing factors included an unexecuted landing checklist, an approach conducted under turbulence, deviation from a stabilized approach profile, and a decision not to execute a go-around after the bounce on the runway.On October 26, 2023, a serious aviation incident occurred involving a Jet2 flight 389 from Leeds/Bradford (LBA) to Funchal (FNC), Madeira. The flight was operated by Pilot Flying (PF). The flight began without significant complications, with an uneventful en route phase and a descent towards Funchal. At Funchal, visibility was good, with a strong surface wind of 330ø at 14 kts gusting to 24 kts. Temperature was 15øC. The Commander reported that the visual approach to runway 05 was initially normal, but deteriorated significantly after the first contact with the runway. The aircraft then experienced a rapid loss of lift due to a ‘wind shear’ effect, leading to a high sink rate. The PF initiated a controlled descent but the aircraft subsequently landed heavily, bouncing to a height of approximately 8 feet and continuing for about 300 meters. During the second contact with the runway, the tail struck the surface at a speed of approximately 140 kts. The PF successfully controlled the aircraft within the runway confines. Following the landing, inspection revealed significant deformation of the fuselage outer surface and skid marks on the rear fuselage. Furthermore, a deformed drain tube, bent struts, and five cracks on two fuselage frames were identified, indicating structural damage from the vertical loads during the impact. The incident was attributed to excessive nose-up input after the initial contact with the runway, resulting in a sharp nose-up attitude and a loss of lift, leading to the tail strike. Contributing factors included an unexecuted landing checklist, an approach conducted under turbulence, deviation from a stabilized approach profile, and a decision not to execute a go-around after the bounce on the runway.

Description

Jet2 flight 389 departed from Leeds/Bradford (LBA) at 08:05 UTC. The captain was Pilot Flying (PF). The en route part and descent towards Funchal (FNC), Madeira, were uneventful. There was a partially cloudy sky at Funchal with good visibility, surface wind was strong from 330ø at 14 kts gusting to 24 kts, with variations in direction between 220ø and 020ø. Temperature was 15øC. The commander reported that the visual approach to runway 05 seemed normal until the point Rosario, when he began to notice effects of “wind shear” and coincident with the automatic altitude call of 50 feet, the aircraft developed a high sink rate. The PF continued with the approach and he attempted to arrest the rate of descent but the aircraft landed heavily and bounced to a height of about 8 feet and continued for about 300 meters. During the second contact with the runway, the tail of the aircraft struck its surface at a speed of about 140 kts. The PF was able to control the aircraft safely within the confines of the runway. A preliminary visual inspection showed some deformation of the outer surface of the fuselage and significant skid marks on the underside of the rear fuselage. Closer inspection, performed by maintenance services, revealed the existence of a deformed drain tube, some bent struts with five cracks found on two fuselage frames that had suffered structural damage from the vertical loads sustained in the contact with the runway. CAUSE: The accident was due to an excessive nose up input after the first contact with the runway and at a time in which the aircraft was airborne at around 8 feet (RA) which, associated to the manual deployment of the speedbrakes and consequent loss of lift, resulted in a sharp nose up attitude (9.15ø) to a point of causing the tail strike with the runway surface. Contributing factors: 1. The Normal Checklist (Landing) was not executed (737-800 FCOM Chapter NP); 2. The aircraft approach was conducted under turbulence conditions in the last 150 feet; 3. Aircraft deviation from the “stabilized approach” profile which implied the execution of a go-around (737 NG FCTM Chapter 5); 4. The judgement not to execute a go-around after the bounce on the runway (737 NG FCTM Chapter 6);

Primary Cause

Excessive nose-up input after the initial contact with the runway, resulting in a sharp nose-up attitude and loss of lift, leading to a tail strike.Excessive nose-up input after the initial contact with the runway, resulting in a sharp nose-up attitude and loss of lift, leading to a tail strike.

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