Incident Overview

Date: Thursday 13 June 1996
Aircraft Type: McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30
Owner/operator: Garuda Indonesia Airways
Registration Number: PK-GIE
Location: Fukuoka Airport (FUK) – ÿ Japan
Phase of Flight: Take off
Status: Destroyed, written off
Casualties: Fatalities: 3 / Occupants: 275
Component Affected: The DC-10’s No. 3 engine turbine blade.The DC-10’s No. 3 engine turbine blade.
Investigating Agency: AAICAAIC
Category: Accident
A flight from Fukuoka Airport to Jakarta experienced a significant incident involving a DC-10 shortly after takeoff. The aircraft was instructed to taxi and hold, but a turbine blade detached from the No. 3 engine during takeoff, resulting in a rapid loss of control and a significant impact. The incident highlights a critical failure of the turbine blade’s operational lifespan and the inadequate judgment of the CAP in the event of the engine failure.A flight from Fukuoka Airport to Jakarta experienced a significant incident involving a DC-10 shortly after takeoff. The aircraft was instructed to taxi and hold, but a turbine blade detached from the No. 3 engine during takeoff, resulting in a rapid loss of control and a significant impact. The incident highlights a critical failure of the turbine blade’s operational lifespan and the inadequate judgment of the CAP in the event of the engine failure.

Description

Flight GA865 was a regular flight from Fukuoka Airport (FUK) to Jakarta with an en-route stop in Denpasar (DPS), Bali. At 11:55 the DC-10 was pushed back from gate 5. The crew reported “Ready for taxi.” In reply, Fukuoka Ground instructed the aircraft: “Taxi via E2, contact Tower.” The crew taxied to runway 16 and were instructed by the Tower controller to hold short. After waiting for another plane to land, Flight 865 was cleared to taxi into position and hold. At 12:06:53 takeoff clearance was given. The DC-10 accelerated for takeoff. The nose was raised and at a speed of 158 kts the first officer called “Rotate”. It was 12:07:40. Three seconds later, at a radio altitude of 9 feet, a fan blade of the 1st stage HP turbine from the no. 3 engine separated. The N1 dropped to 23,7% within a few seconds. At 12:07:45 the flight engineer called “Engine failure number one.” Takeoff was aborted at about the V2 speed and the airplane contacted the runway one second later at a vertical acceleration force of 2.1 Gs. The thrust reversers were deployed and ground spoilers were extended. The DC-10 skidded off the runway through a ditch, fence and a road, before coming to a halt 620 m past the runway threshold. Investigation revealed that the turbine blade that failed, had operated for 30913 hours and 6182 cycles. General Electric had advised customers to discard blades after about 6000 cycles. The causes of the accident were as follows: “Although the CAS was well in excess of V1 and the aircraft had already lifted off from the runway, the takeoff was aborted. Consequently the aircraft departed the end of the runway, came to rest and caught fire. It is estimated that contributing to the rejection of the takeoff under this circumstance was the fact that the CAP’s judgement in the event of the engine failure was inadequate.”

Primary Cause

The turbine blade that failed had operated for 30913 hours and 6182 cycles, exceeding the GE customer recommendation to discard blades after approximately 6000 cycles. This indicates a significant degradation in the blade’s reliability.The turbine blade that failed had operated for 30913 hours and 6182 cycles, exceeding the GE customer recommendation to discard blades after approximately 6000 cycles. This indicates a significant degradation in the blade’s reliability.

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