Incident Overview

Date: Sunday 12 September 1993
Aircraft Type: Boeing 747-428
Owner/operator: Air France
Registration Number: F-GITA
Location: Papeete-Faaa Airport (PPT), Tahiti – ÿ French Polynesia
Phase of Flight: Landing
Status: Substantial, repaired
Casualties: Fatalities: 0 / Occupants: 272
Component Affected: Boeing 747 F-GITA’s automatic flight system, specifically the engine thrust reversal control and the flight control software.Boeing 747 F-GITA’s automatic flight system, specifically the engine thrust reversal control and the flight control software.
Investigating Agency: BEABEA
Category: Accident
A Boeing 747 F-GITA experienced a serious accident during a nighttime approach to Tahiti, resulting in a runway overrun. The aircraft’s flight control system malfunctioned due to an unexpected thrust asymmetry, triggering a go-around sequence. The excessive speed and trajectory deviation during landing were exacerbated by a software glitch that bypassed safety checks and communication protocols. The incident highlights a critical failure in the aircraft?s automated flight system, compounded by inadequate operator and crew training and oversight.A Boeing 747 F-GITA experienced a serious accident during a nighttime approach to Tahiti, resulting in a runway overrun. The aircraft’s flight control system malfunctioned due to an unexpected thrust asymmetry, triggering a go-around sequence. The excessive speed and trajectory deviation during landing were exacerbated by a software glitch that bypassed safety checks and communication protocols. The incident highlights a critical failure in the aircraft?s automated flight system, compounded by inadequate operator and crew training and oversight.

Description

Boeing 747 F-GITA operated Air France flight 072, Paris-Los Angeles-Tahiti. Weather was good when the flight approached Tahiti at night. The aircraft positioned for a runway 22 VOR-DME approach. At 21:05 the aircraft touched down at a speed of 168 knots. Two seconds later no. 1 engine power increased to 107% N1. Because of this the spoilers did not deploy and the automatic brake disarmed. Reverse thrust was used on all remaining engines. Because of difficulties due to thrust asymmetry, the no. 4 engine thrust reverser was cancelled. The aircraft overran the runway and ended up in a lagoon. PROBABLE CAUSE: The accident was due to an unstabilized approach and the application of high positive thrust by engine 1 on landing, as a result of a peculiarity in the automatic flight system that caused the aircraft to go into go-around mode at a point in the trajectory corresponding to the decision height. This resulted in: – the long touchdown with an excessive speed – the deviation of the trajectory to the right and the lateral exit of the runway. The lack of respect of the operational procedures concerning the checks and the announcements during the approach and the landing, as well as the lack of communication between the pilots were strong contributing factors to the accident. In particular, the deviations beyond the tolerances of several flight parameters should have led to a go-around. The lack of information from the manufacturer to the operators and crews on this particularity of the automatic flight system is also a contributing factor to the accident.

Primary Cause

Unstabilized approach and excessive thrust application by engine 1 during landing, resulting in a go-around.Unstabilized approach and excessive thrust application by engine 1 during landing, resulting in a go-around.

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