Incident Overview

Date: Friday 25 January 1963
Aircraft Type: Douglas Dakota III (DC-3)
Owner/operator: British United Airways – BUA
Registration Number: G-AMJU
Location: Blackpool Airport (BLK) – ÿ United Kingdom
Phase of Flight: Landing
Status: Substantial, repaired
Casualties: Fatalities: 0 / Occupants: 9
Component Affected: Landing lights and the aircraft’s visual system.Landing lights and the aircraft’s visual system.
Category: Accident
On arrival overhead Blackpool, during a scheduled passenger flight from Dsseldorf, via Amsterdam and Newcastle, the pilot observed adequate visibility at 1,500 ft. However, the air traffic controller reported a layer of fog reducing visibility to 100 yds., prompting the captain to determine visibility was sufficient for landing. During the final approach, some lights were obscured by fog, leading to a shallow layer of fog crossing the runway threshold. The captain switched on landing lights, which reflected in the fog, causing visual disorientation. Subsequently, the aircraft veered off the left runway and struck a brick building. The aircraft then slowed to the left and rested 100 yards further on.On arrival overhead Blackpool, during a scheduled passenger flight from Dsseldorf, via Amsterdam and Newcastle, the pilot observed adequate visibility at 1,500 ft. However, the air traffic controller reported a layer of fog reducing visibility to 100 yds., prompting the captain to determine visibility was sufficient for landing. During the final approach, some lights were obscured by fog, leading to a shallow layer of fog crossing the runway threshold. The captain switched on landing lights, which reflected in the fog, causing visual disorientation. Subsequently, the aircraft veered off the left runway and struck a brick building. The aircraft then slowed to the left and rested 100 yards further on.

Description

On arrival overhead Blackpool, on the final sector of a scheduled passenger flight from Dsseldorf, via Amsterdam and Newcastle, all the aerodrome lights were visible from the aircraft at a height of 1,500 ft. At this time, however, the pilot was advised by the Blackpool air traffic controller that there was a layer of fog over the airport, and that visibility at the threshold of runway 10 was estimated as 100 yds. or less. After making three circuits of the aerodrome, the captain decided – from his own in-flight observation of the aerodrome lights – that the visibility was adequate for an approach and landing on runway 10. During the final approach some of the runway lights became obscured and, on crossing the runway threshold, the aircraft entered a shallow layer of fog. As the aircraft was flared for landing, the captain switched on the landing lights. The reflection of these lights in the fog dazzled both pilots, causing them to lose visual reference. Shortly after touch-down the aircraft veered off the left hand side of the runway and, after running over rough ground, the port wing struck a small brick building. The aircraft slewed to the left and came to rest 100 yds. further on, with the outer section of the port wing broken off. OPINION: “The accident was the result of an unintentional change of direction after both pilots lost visual reference when the commander switched the landing lights on during fog.”

Primary Cause

Loss of visual reference due to fog, exacerbated by the switching on of landing lights during the fog.Loss of visual reference due to fog, exacerbated by the switching on of landing lights during the fog.

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