Incident Overview

Date: Wednesday 21 November 1990
Aircraft Type: de Havilland Canada DHC-8-103
Owner/operator: Bangkok Airways
Registration Number: HS-SKI
Location: 5 km SW of Koh Samui Airport (USM) – ÿ Thailand
Phase of Flight: Approach
Status: Destroyed, written off
Casualties: Fatalities: 38 / Occupants: 38
Component Affected: Aircraft control system (specifically, the pilot’s control inputs and aircraft attitude).Aircraft control system (specifically, the pilot’s control inputs and aircraft attitude).
Category: Accident
A DHC-8-100 aircraft crashed in poor weather near Koh Samui Airport, Thailand, resulting in the deaths of all three occupants. The flight was instructed to turn left due to a mountain on the right, leading to a roll and impact in a coconut plantation.A DHC-8-100 aircraft crashed in poor weather near Koh Samui Airport, Thailand, resulting in the deaths of all three occupants. The flight was instructed to turn left due to a mountain on the right, leading to a roll and impact in a coconut plantation.

Description

Bangkok Airways flight 125, a DHC-8-100, crashed in poor weather while on approach to Koh Samui Airport, Thailand, killing all 38 occupants. Flight BKP125 left Bangkok-Don Muang International Airport at 09:58 UTC with IFR clearance to Koh Samui Airport at FL210. Samui Tower was contacted at 10:45 and the crew were told runway 17 was the active runway and that the weather was fair with rain southwest of the field. Wind was later reported at 030 deg/10 knots and the runway was changed to runway 35. On base leg for runway 35 the flight continued ahead instead of turning right for finals. A missed approach procedure was executed with flaps still fully extended and both pilots were confused about which way to go. Samui Tower instructed them to turn left because of a mountain on the right side. BKP 125 entered an area of heavy rain and rolled to the left. Both pilots were disoriented as the aircraft continued to descend in a left wing down attitude. The aircraft eventually impacted into a coconut plantation at a 147 knots speed, 36deg nose-down and 75deg left roll. PROBABLE CAUSE: “The pilot experienced spatial disorientation which resulted in improper control of the aircraft. Factors which contributed to accident were as follows: (1) The pilot flew the aircraft into bad weather condition which had very little or no visual reference; (2) Channelized attention occurred when all of the pilots concentration were focused on looking for the airport and neglecting to do proper cross checking or monitoring the aircraft attitude; (3) Confusion of pilots, poor teamwork or poor cockpit co-ordination in monitoring the flight instruments might contribute to loss of situational awareness and improper control of the aircraft through their false senses.”

Primary Cause

Spatial disorientation caused by pilot error, exacerbated by bad weather conditions lacking visual reference, channelized attention, and poor cockpit coordination.Spatial disorientation caused by pilot error, exacerbated by bad weather conditions lacking visual reference, channelized attention, and poor cockpit coordination.

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